Disaggregating Socioeconomic Determinants of Preventable Hospitalisation Rates in Urban Low-Income Populations: A Multilevel Geospatial Analysis Framework

Authors

  • Chris Nelson PhD
  • Alex Rodriguez Associate Professor
  • Dana Parker D.Sc

Keywords:

preventable hospitalisation, ambulatory care sensitive conditions, socioeconomic health determinants, multilevel geospatial analysis, urban health equity, primary care accessibility, housing deprivation index, health literacy, avoidable admissions

Abstract

Preventable hospitalisations (PHs) impose a disproportionate burden on urban low-income populations, yet their socioeconomic determinants remain poorly disaggregated at the sub-district level. This study applied a multilevel negative binomial regression model integrated with kernel density geospatial analysis across 214 census-defined urban tracts in three metropolitan areas (2019–2023). Primary care access indices, housing deprivation scores, and health literacy metrics were operationalised as explanatory variables. Results revealed that inadequate primary care accessibility (IRR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.31–1.65) and severe housing deprivation (IRR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.24–1.56) were the strongest independent predictors of elevated PH rates. Health literacy mediated approximately 28% of the housing deprivation–hospitalisation pathway. Targeted ambulatory care strengthening in high-vulnerability clusters could reduce avoidable inpatient admissions by an estimated 19–24%, offering actionable guidance for municipal health system planners.

Author Biographies

Chris Nelson, PhD

PhD
University of Toronto Dalla Lana School of Public Health
155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3M7, Canada

Alex Rodriguez, Associate Professor

Associate Professor
Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management
Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3062 PA Rotterdam, Netherlands

Dana Parker, D.Sc

D.Sc
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health
207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia

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Published

2024-10-16

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Section

Articles